예: <district> (district)
These search results reproduce every example of the use of <district> in the Guidelines, including all localised and translated versions. In some cases, the examples have been drawn from discussion of other elements in the Guidelines and illustrating the use of <district> is not the main focus of the passage in question. In other cases, examples may be direct translations of each other, and hence identical from the perspective of their encoding.
14 Names, Dates, People, and Places
14.2.3.1 Geo-political Place Names
<placeName>
<district type="arondissement">6ème</district>
<settlement type="city">Paris, </settlement>
<country>France</country>
</placeName>
<district type="arondissement">6ème</district>
<settlement type="city">Paris, </settlement>
<country>France</country>
</placeName>
<district> (en)
<placeName>
<district type="ward">Jericho</district>
<settlement>Oxford</settlement>
</placeName>
<district type="ward">Jericho</district>
<settlement>Oxford</settlement>
</placeName>
<district> (fr)
<placeName>
<district type="ward">La Castellane</district>
<settlement>Marseille</settlement>
</placeName>
<district type="ward">La Castellane</district>
<settlement>Marseille</settlement>
</placeName>
<district> (fr)
<placeName>
<district type="area">Rive gauche</district>
<settlement>Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
<district type="area">Rive gauche</district>
<settlement>Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
<district> (zh-TW)
<district> (zh-TW)
<district> (en)
<placeName>
<district type="area">South Side</district>
<settlement>Chicago</settlement>
</placeName>
<district type="area">South Side</district>
<settlement>Chicago</settlement>
</placeName>
14.3.4.1 Varieties of Location
<place xml:id="BGbldg" type="building">
<placeName>Brasserie Georges</placeName>
<location>
<country key="FR"/>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
<district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
<district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
<placeName type="street">
<num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</placeName>
</location>
</place>
<placeName>Brasserie Georges</placeName>
<location>
<country key="FR"/>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
<district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
<district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
<placeName type="street">
<num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</placeName>
</location>
</place>
14.3.4.1 Varieties of Location
<place xml:id="locCA" type="cemetery">
<placeName>Protestant Cemetery</placeName>
<placeName type="official" xml:lang="it">Cimitero Acattolico</placeName>
<location type="geopolitical">
<country>Italy</country>
<settlement>Rome</settlement>
<district>Testaccio</district>
</location>
<location type="address">
<address>
<addrLine>Via Caio Cestio, 6</addrLine>
<addrLine>00153 Roma</addrLine>
</address>
</location>
</place>
<placeName>Protestant Cemetery</placeName>
<placeName type="official" xml:lang="it">Cimitero Acattolico</placeName>
<location type="geopolitical">
<country>Italy</country>
<settlement>Rome</settlement>
<district>Testaccio</district>
</location>
<location type="address">
<address>
<addrLine>Via Caio Cestio, 6</addrLine>
<addrLine>00153 Roma</addrLine>
</address>
</location>
</place>
<location> (en)
<place xml:id="BGbuilding" type="building">
<placeName>Brasserie Georges</placeName>
<location>
<country key="FR"/>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
<district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
<district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
<placeName type="street">
<num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</placeName>
</location>
</place>
<placeName>Brasserie Georges</placeName>
<location>
<country key="FR"/>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
<district type="arrondissement">IIème</district>
<district type="quartier">Perrache</district>
<placeName type="street">
<num>30</num>, Cours de Verdun</placeName>
</location>
</place>
<standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
<listEvent>
<event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
when="1942-01">
<head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
<head type="short">DB-3F</head>
<ab type="altitude">
<measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
</ab>
<ab type="survivor">
<persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
</ab>
</event>
<event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
when="1943-01-03">
<head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
<head type="short">B-17</head>
<ab type="altitude">
<measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
</ab>
<ab type="survivor">
<persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
</ab>
</event>
<event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
when="1944-03-24">
<head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
<head type="short">Lancaster</head>
<ab type="altitude">
<measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
</ab>
<ab type="survivor">
<persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
</ab>
</event>
<event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
when="1971-12-04">
<head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
<head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
<ab type="altitude">
<measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
</ab>
<ab type="survivor">
<persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
</ab>
</event>
<event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
<head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
<head type="short">JAT 367</head>
<ab type="altitude">
<measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
</ab>
<ab type="survivor">
<persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
</ab>
<ptr type="furtherInfo"
target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
</event>
<event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
when="1996">
<head>SAS parachute failure</head>
<head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
<ab type="altitude">
<measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
</ab>
<ab type="survivor">
<persName ref="#p-BG"/>
</ab>
</event>
<event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
when="2004-08-22">
<head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
<head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
<ab type="altitude">
<measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
</ab>
<ab type="survivor">
<persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
</ab>
</event>
<event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
when="2009-05">
<head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
<head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
<ab type="altitude">
<measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
</ab>
<ab type="survivor">
<persName ref="#p-JB"/>
</ab>
</event>
</listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
<listPlace>
<place xml:id="l-GSN">
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
<location>
<geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
</location>
</place>
<place xml:id="l-Joh">
<placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
<location>
<country>South Africa</country>
<region type="province">Gauteng</region>
</location>
</place>
<place xml:id="l-Kam">
<placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
<location>
<country>Russia</country>
<region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
</location>
</place>
<place xml:id="l-Ken">
<country>Kenya</country>
</place>
<place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
<placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
<location>
<country>Deutschland</country>
<region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
<region>Arnsberg</region>
<district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
<settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
<geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
</location>
</place>
<place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
<placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
<location>
<country>Peru</country>
<region>Huánuco</region>
<district>Puerto Inca</district>
</location>
</place>
<place xml:id="l-Sch">
<placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
<location/>
</place>
<place xml:id="l-Seb">
<placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
<location>
<geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
</location>
</place>
<place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
<name>Eastern Front</name>
<ptr type="furtherInfo"
target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
</place>
<place xml:id="l-Zam">
<country>Zambia</country>
</place>
</listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
<listPerson>
<person xml:id="p-VV">
<persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
<persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
<birth when="1950-01-03"/>
<death when="2016-12-23"/>
<ptr type="furtherInfo"
target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
</person>
<person xml:id="p-IC">
<persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
<persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
<persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
<birth when="1916"/>
<death when="1986"/>
<ptr type="furtherInfo"
target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
</person>
<person xml:id="p-AM">
<persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
<birth when="1919-01-13"/>
<death when="2003-12-20"/>
<ptr type="furtherInfo"
target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
</person>
<person xml:id="p-NA">
<persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
<birth when="1922-12-10"/>
<death when="1987-06-22"/>
<ptr type="furtherInfo"
target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
</person>
<person xml:id="p-BG">
<persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
<birth when="1974-06-07"/>
<ptr type="furtherInfo"
target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
</person>
<person xml:id="p-JK">
<persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
<birth when="1954-10-10"/>
<ptr type="furtherInfo"
target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
</person>
<person xml:id="p-JB">
<persName>James Boole</persName>
<birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
<ptr type="furtherInfo"
target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
</person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
<altGrp type="location">
<alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
</altGrp>
</standOff>
<!-- ========= events ========= -->
<listEvent>
<event xml:id="DB-3F" where="#WWIIEast"
when="1942-01">
<head>Luftwaffe shoots down Ilyushin Il-4</head>
<head type="short">DB-3F</head>
<ab type="altitude">
<measure unit="m" quantity="7000"/>
</ab>
<ab type="survivor">
<persName ref="#p-IC">Іван Чиссов</persName>
</ab>
</event>
<event xml:id="SCP" where="#l-GSN"
when="1943-01-03">
<head>Snap, Crackle, Pop is shot down by German flak</head>
<head type="short">B-17</head>
<ab type="altitude">
<measure unit="m" quantity="6700"/>
</ab>
<ab type="survivor">
<persName ref="#p-AM">Alan Magee</persName>
</ab>
</event>
<event xml:id="DS664" where="#l-Obe"
when="1944-03-24">
<head>Avro Lancaster shot down by Junkers Ju 88</head>
<head type="short">Lancaster</head>
<ab type="altitude">
<measure unit="m" quantity="5490"/>
</ab>
<ab type="survivor">
<persName ref="#p-NA">Nicholas Alkemade</persName>
</ab>
</event>
<event xml:id="LANSA508" where="#l-PI"
when="1971-12-04">
<head>LANSA 508 struck by lightning</head>
<head type="short">Amazon rainforest</head>
<ab type="altitude">
<measure unit="m" quantity="3000"/>
</ab>
<ab type="survivor">
<persName ref="#p-JK">Juliane Diller (née Koepcke)</persName>
</ab>
</event>
<event xml:id="jat367" where="#l-Seb"
when="1972-01-26T16:01:29Z">
<head>Bombing of Yugoslav Airlines Flight 367</head>
<head type="short">JAT 367</head>
<ab type="altitude">
<measure unit="m" quantity="10050"/>
</ab>
<ab type="survivor">
<persName ref="#p-VV">Весна Вуловић</persName>
</ab>
<ptr type="furtherInfo"
target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367"/>
</event>
<event xml:id="BG" where="#l-KorZ"
when="1996">
<head>SAS parachute failure</head>
<head type="short">Bear Grylls</head>
<ab type="altitude">
<measure unit="m" quantity="4877"/>
</ab>
<ab type="survivor">
<persName ref="#p-BG"/>
</ab>
</event>
<event xml:id="CM" where="#l-Joh"
when="2004-08-22">
<head>Johannesburg parachute failure</head>
<head type="short">Christine McKenzie</head>
<ab type="altitude">
<measure unit="m" quantity="3353"/>
</ab>
<ab type="survivor">
<persName ref="#p-CM">Christine McKenzie</persName>
</ab>
</event>
<event xml:id="JBK" where="#l-Kam"
when="2009-05">
<head>Cameraman fails to open chute</head>
<head type="short">Sport videographer</head>
<ab type="altitude">
<measure unit="m" quantity="1829"/>
</ab>
<ab type="survivor">
<persName ref="#p-JB"/>
</ab>
</event>
</listEvent>
<!-- ========= places ========= -->
<listPlace>
<place xml:id="l-GSN">
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</placeName>
<location>
<geo>47.28657 -2.21171</geo>
</location>
</place>
<place xml:id="l-Joh">
<placeName>Johannesburg</placeName>
<location>
<country>South Africa</country>
<region type="province">Gauteng</region>
</location>
</place>
<place xml:id="l-Kam">
<placeName xml:lang="ru">Камчатке</placeName>
<location>
<country>Russia</country>
<region>Kamchatka Krai</region>
</location>
</place>
<place xml:id="l-Ken">
<country>Kenya</country>
</place>
<place xml:id="l-Obe" xml:lang="de">
<placeName>Oberkirchen</placeName>
<location>
<country>Deutschland</country>
<region type="state">Nordrhein-Westfalen</region>
<region>Arnsberg</region>
<district>Hochsauerlandkreis</district>
<settlement>Schmallenberg</settlement>
<geo cert="low">51.154 8.357</geo>
</location>
</place>
<place xml:id="l-PI" xml:lang="es">
<placeName>Puerto Inca</placeName>
<location>
<country>Peru</country>
<region>Huánuco</region>
<district>Puerto Inca</district>
</location>
</place>
<place xml:id="l-Sch">
<placeName xml:lang="de">Schmallenberg</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="wep">Smalmereg</placeName>
<location/>
</place>
<place xml:id="l-Seb">
<placeName xml:lang="de">Sebnitz</placeName>
<location>
<geo>50.966667 14.283333</geo>
</location>
</place>
<place xml:id="l-WWIIEast">
<name>Eastern Front</name>
<ptr type="furtherInfo"
target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)"/>
</place>
<place xml:id="l-Zam">
<country>Zambia</country>
</place>
</listPlace>
<!-- ========= people ========= -->
<listPerson>
<person xml:id="p-VV">
<persName xml:lang="sr-Cyrl">Весна Вуловић</persName>
<persName xml:lang="sr-Latn">Vesna Vulović</persName>
<birth when="1950-01-03"/>
<death when="2016-12-23"/>
<ptr type="furtherInfo"
target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87"/>
</person>
<person xml:id="p-IC">
<persName xml:lang="uk-Cyrl">Іван Михайлович Чиссов</persName>
<persName xml:lang="ru-Cyrl">Иван Михайлович Чисов</persName>
<persName xml:lang="uk-Latn">Ivan Mikhailovich Chisov</persName>
<birth when="1916"/>
<death when="1986"/>
<ptr type="furtherInfo"
target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chisov"/>
</person>
<person xml:id="p-AM">
<persName>Alan Eugene Magee</persName>
<birth when="1919-01-13"/>
<death when="2003-12-20"/>
<ptr type="furtherInfo"
target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Magee"/>
</person>
<person xml:id="p-NA">
<persName>Nicholas Stephen Alkemade</persName>
<birth when="1922-12-10"/>
<death when="1987-06-22"/>
<ptr type="furtherInfo"
target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade"/>
</person>
<person xml:id="p-BG">
<persName>Edward Michael Grylls</persName>
<birth when="1974-06-07"/>
<ptr type="furtherInfo"
target="https://www.beargrylls.com/pages/about-bear-grylls"/>
</person>
<person xml:id="p-JK">
<persName>Juliane Koepcke</persName>
<birth when="1954-10-10"/>
<ptr type="furtherInfo"
target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_Koepcke"/>
</person>
<person xml:id="p-JB">
<persName>James Boole</persName>
<birth>1978, give or take a year</birth>
<ptr type="furtherInfo"
target="https://www.facebook.com/james.boole/?ref=page_internal"/>
</person>
</listPerson>
<!-- ========= conjunctions and disjunctions ========= -->
<altGrp type="location">
<alt xml:id="l-KorZ"
target="#l-Ken #l-Zam"/>
</altGrp>
</standOff>
<objectIdentifier>
<objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
<idno type="carter">256a</idno>
<idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
<idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
<institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
<address>
<street>15 Meret Basha</street>
<district>Ismailia</district>
<settlement>Cairo</settlement>
<country>Egypt</country>
<location>
<geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
</location>
</address>
</objectIdentifier>
<objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
<idno type="carter">256a</idno>
<idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
<idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
<institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
<address>
<street>15 Meret Basha</street>
<district>Ismailia</district>
<settlement>Cairo</settlement>
<country>Egypt</country>
<location>
<geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
</location>
</address>
</objectIdentifier>
<listObject>
<object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
<objectIdentifier>
<objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
<idno type="carter">256a</idno>
<idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
<idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
<institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
<address>
<street>15 Meret Basha</street>
<district>Ismailia</district>
<settlement>Cairo</settlement>
<country>Egypt</country>
<location>
<geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
</location>
</address>
</objectIdentifier>
<msContents>
<p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
</msContents>
<physDesc>
<p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
<p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
(Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
</physDesc>
<history>
<origin>
<p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
</origin>
<provenance>
<p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
</p>
</provenance>
<acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
</history>
<additional>
<adminInfo>
<custodialHist>
<custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
<custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
<custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
</custodialHist>
</adminInfo>
</additional>
</object>
</listObject>
<object xml:id="TutankhamunMask">
<objectIdentifier>
<objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
<idno type="carter">256a</idno>
<idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
<idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
<institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
<address>
<street>15 Meret Basha</street>
<district>Ismailia</district>
<settlement>Cairo</settlement>
<country>Egypt</country>
<location>
<geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
</location>
</address>
</objectIdentifier>
<msContents>
<p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
</msContents>
<physDesc>
<p>The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
<p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
(Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
</physDesc>
<history>
<origin>
<p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
who reigned 1332–1323 BC.</p>
</origin>
<provenance>
<p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
</p>
</provenance>
<acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
</history>
<additional>
<adminInfo>
<custodialHist>
<custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
<custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
<custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
</custodialHist>
</adminInfo>
</additional>
</object>
</listObject>
<object> (en)
<listObject>
<object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
<objectIdentifier>
<objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
<idno type="carter">256a</idno>
<idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
<idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
<institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
<address>
<street>15 Meret Basha</street>
<district>Ismailia</district>
<settlement>Cairo</settlement>
<country>Egypt</country>
<location>
<geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
</location>
</address>
</objectIdentifier>
<msContents>
<p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
</msContents>
<physDesc>
<p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
<p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
(Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
</physDesc>
<history>
<origin>
<p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
</origin>
<provenance>
<p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
</p>
</provenance>
<acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
</history>
<additional>
<adminInfo>
<custodialHist>
<custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
<custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
<custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
</custodialHist>
</adminInfo>
</additional>
</object>
</listObject>
<object xml:id="MaskOfTutankhamun">
<objectIdentifier>
<objectName xml:lang="en">Mask of Tutankhamun</objectName>
<idno type="carter">256a</idno>
<idno type="JournalD'Entrée">60672</idno>
<idno type="exhibition">220</idno>
<institution>Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</institution>
<address>
<street>15 Meret Basha</street>
<district>Ismailia</district>
<settlement>Cairo</settlement>
<country>Egypt</country>
<location>
<geo>30.047778 31.233333</geo>
</location>
</address>
</objectIdentifier>
<msContents>
<p>The back and shoulders of the mask is inscribed with a protective spell in Egyptian hieroglyphs formed of ten
vertical and horizontal lines. This spell first appeared on masks in the Middle Kingdom at least 500 years
before Tutankhamun, and comes from chapter 151 of the <title>Book of the Dead</title>.</p>
</msContents>
<physDesc>
<p> The mask of Tutankhamun is 54cm x 39.3cm x 49cm. It is constructed from two layers of high-karat gold that
varies in thickness from 1.5-3mm. It weighs approximately 10.23kg and x-ray crystallography shows that it is
composed of two alloys of gold with a lighter 18.4 karat shade being used for the face and neck while a heavier
22.5 karat gold was used for the rest of the mask.</p>
<p>In the mask Tutankhamun wears a nemes headcloth which has the royal insignia of a cobra (Wadjet) and vulture
(Nekhbet) on it. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper
Egypt. His ears are pierced for earrings. The mask has rich inlays of coloured glass and gemstones, including
lapis lazuli surrounding the eye and eyebrows, quartz for the eyes, obsidian for the pupils. The broad collar is
made up of carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and other stones.</p>
</physDesc>
<history>
<origin>
<p>The mask of Tutankhamun was created in <origPlace>Egypt</origPlace> around <origDate when="-1323" type="circa">1323 BC</origDate>. It is a death mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun
who reigned 1332–1323 BC. </p>
</origin>
<provenance>
<p>The mask of Tutankhamun was found in his burial chamber at Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings in
1922. On 28 October 1925 the excavation team led by English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the heavy
sarcophagus and three coffins and were the first people in around 3,250 years to see the mask of Tutankhamun.
Carter wrote in his diary: <quote> The pins removed, the lid was raised. The penultimate scene was disclosed –
a very neatly wrapped mummy of the young king, with golden mask of sad but tranquil expression, symbolizing
Osiris … the mask bears that god's attributes, but the likeness is that of Tut.Ankh.Amen – placid and
beautiful, with the same features as we find upon his statues and coffins. The mask has fallen slightly
back, thus its gaze is straight up to the heavens. </quote>
</p>
</provenance>
<acquisition> In December 1925, the mask was removed from the tomb, placed in a crate and transported 635
kilometres (395 mi) to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it remains on public display. </acquisition>
</history>
<additional>
<adminInfo>
<custodialHist>
<custEvent when="1944">When it was discovered in 1925, the 2.5kg narrow gold beard was no longer attached to
the mask and was reattached to the chin by use of a wooden dowel in 1944.</custEvent>
<custEvent when="2014-08"> In August 2014 when the mask was removed from its display case for cleaning, the
beard fell off again. Those working in the museum unadvisedly used a quick-drying epoxy to attempt to fix
it, but left the beard off-centre. </custEvent>
<custEvent when="2015-01">The damage was noticed and repaired in January 2015 by a German-Egyptian team who
used beeswax, a material known to be used as adhesives by the ancient Egyptians.</custEvent>
</custodialHist>
</adminInfo>
</additional>
</object>
</listObject>
3 Elements Available in All TEI Documents
<address> (en)